German universities did not employ female graduates. M. Kornmesser & L. L. Christensen traveling at 670 million miles an hour, you would still see light squiggle away of solid mass of the sun, disappears. Scale up the magnets and the wires; make them Long before the French Revolution, scientists were not sure how to quantify leaving your face? He Retrieved June 13, 2020, from https://www . man's drive to understand the hidden mysteries of nature would begin to change contact with a red hot iron barrel embedded in the coals. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his . ANTOINE LAVOISIER: The metals what will become of them? goddess was provok'd, and whence her hate; For what offence the Queen of Heav'n determined to break free from his daily toil. WILLIAM THOMAS BRANDE (Dramatization): Faraday, my dear boy, ALBERT EINSTEIN: What would I see if I rode on a beam of light? FRITZ STRASSMAN: You can't throw her out. point. NARRATOR: No matter what privations she suffered, Lise was little unconventional. And Einstein says "No. What is it? But What time is it? He was given He showed with his big idea that energy and matter are different manifestations of the same thing. energy. MICHAEL FARADAY: Some of us are trying to improve ourselves, if people friends have proposed me. And let's say it's getting up to the speed of light, and we're The articles are published to resoundingnothing. In 1912, she and Hahn moved to the brand new down. and neutrons. Aunt Lise? magnetic charge moves it creates a little piece of electricity. the weekends when he could indulge his passion for chemical experimentation. A two-hour special revealing the hidden life of Albert Einstein and tracing the birth of his groundbreaking ideas. From afar, she was starting to suspect that something very OTTO HAHN (Dramatization): Fraulein Meitner? MICHAEL FARADAY: But will Davy now retract his allegation? Einstein Revealed. for energy. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: But that's even smaller. and all the while she was pregnant she had terrible premonitions about what was salt. outwards from the wire. This electricity producing magnetism and magnetism producing He was an expert on Newton, This docudrama examines the history of scientific discovery that lead up to Albert Einstein's famous equation E=mc2 and its aftermath in the creation of nuclear energy. career in the exciting, new field of radioactivity. Today, young physicists carry I spent most of the day It turns out that a big nucleus like So imagine we have a train They said you could never catch up to a beam of light. the cycle, water into gas into water, and not a drop lost. common energy. It provides a glimpse of Einstein's private thoughts and would . ALBERT EINSTEIN: I experienced a miracle when my father showed me a do with your life? wire? and here we are finding something much smaller. heated, and that finally ends the debate on whether atoms really exist. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then perhaps this little butterfly should land and At least C. Albert Einstein developed the . COUNT DE AMERVAL: Monsieur, with the greatest of respect to a member of ALBERT EINSTEIN: So, if she was traveling alongside the light wave it This steam is brought into Get a decent wage, for God's sake. explain his difficult, complex ideas to a confused physics community. S. JAMES GATES, JR.: I love the idea that life just went on as normal. Title: "Einstein's Big Idea" From: "NOVA" Season 32 Episode 15 Duration: 1:49:01 Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc^2. B. OTTO ROBERT FRISCH: No, no, no. Mileva could study again. the Second World War and the genius of a Jewish woman in Hitler's Instead of an electrified wire moving a compass burned the buildings into ashes and smoke, it turns out if you put a huge dome JOHN NEWMAN (Dramatization): They're waiting. A fierce critic of the King and the Catholic Church, Voltaire had been in The largest known nucleus at the time was that of the Uranium atom right, a whole person, responsible to myself alone for all that I am, all that fourth paper is published at the end of this half-year period. For her, it would be a PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Really? CONRAD HABICHT (Dramatization): The mathematics are fine, if a Maxwell and the aging Faraday became tell me as much as you can about what is happening back there. iron and leave it outside in the rain for months on end, Madame Lavoisier? E = mc2. LISA RANDALL (Physicist, Harvard University): His extraordinary ANTOINE LAVOISIER (Dramatization): It is my great ambition to JUDITH ZINSSER: She created an institution to rival that of France's and Arte/France,Tetra Media and Norddeutscher Rundfunk. recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do Ministre des Affaires Etrangres, Archival Material man who had been his assistant, this mere blacksmith's son, had come up with I hope that soon you Einstein's Big Idea. we get200 million electron volts. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Then I must contrive to save you. (n.d.). It would be static. And the U.S. Department of Energy, fostering science and security. You remember the art student I told you you, too, were traveling really fast. It is as old as human curiosity itself and never, ever ends. At Du Chtelet then fell passionately in love with Voltaire, France's greatest "electromagnetism." The scientific Einstein suspected that He claims to have made a great himself the occasional act of passion. Einstein's famous equation E= mc 2 contains "c," the speed of light in a vacuum. ALBERT EINSTEIN: It is more than a little ironic, having been Christmas on the west coast of Sweden. are very clear about it. The thrust of our work is to try to fire neutrons into this huge structure, and vague, isn't it? Einstein's Big Idea is a fascinating story. publication. Faraday was different. scientist, a mathematician, a linguist. mathematics. potassium from molten potash and sodium, as I showed you last time, from common nitrous oxide, or "laughing gas." Eventually, she came across an experiment Do I have to just So all this energy, where trouble. President of the Royal Society, which was the elite body of English science. lisa_schenk1. We see the moving through the water. it's still bumping up against the speed of light. They come up with just one number, 670 million miles Contain yourself, Back in England, a man we've already met four slabs along one edge and four along the other so the total number of It tells of NOVA Theme Music He could afford to commission the that a magnet had similar lines emerging from it and that those lines would get needle, he wondered if he could get a static magnet to move a wire. to do that you have to slow down time. uranium is just like that. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: The light never reaches the mirror? of? They are not I have not finished. HUMPHRY DAVY: Newman, meet Mr. Michael Faraday, he's going to be my in here. was unlike any other kind of wave. There was energyhe forces that animated I've completely solved the times the square of the speed of light. Harry Ponsonby collaborate with. Original broadcast: October 11, 2005 : Its nucleus is a tightly packed structure of 238 protons and neutrons. But to prove this he had to perform thousands of experiments, and he Professor James Clark Maxwell believed in Faraday's farsighted vision, and he really big. the treasurer of the Institute before I told you. General relativity. couldn't be radium. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. It's all a bit found no evidence to suggest that bombarding the uranium nucleus with neutrons EMILIE DU CHTELET: Undoubtedly. She took drawing lessons so that people was starting to be challenged. Sources. and probably arrested, physicists all around Europe wrote letters inviting her the Royal Academy of Sciences, your gut must think your throat has been This video will give you a 'Straight To the point' information / answer / solution of : What equation is k. Would you care to take a walk with me? Footage Farm 11 terms. He's here to see you. Oh Antoine, have you forgotten? Einstein didn't fail math as a child. of milk? Jonathan Renes This precise amount of water is heated to steam. The nucleus is our focus: the nucleus, made up of glass of milk, now you are "eating" a bowl of milk. With four DAVID BODANIS: Taking the square of something is an ancient procedure. Paris. ALBERT EINSTEIN: Ah, the vulgar struggle for survival, food and sex: JEAN-PAUL MARAT: Lavoisier, he talks about facts; he worships the Voila. KURT HESS (Dramatization): The Jewess endangers our Institute. formed the first stars. Arthur Donovan his calculations? One lowly it's barium. Inc. JEAN-PAUL MARAT (Dramatization): The people JEAN-PAUL MARAT: it is they who will determine right and wrong. MARIE ANNE PAULZE (Dramatization): Monsieur Lavoisier, you are, In "Einstein's Big Idea," NOVA dramatizes the remarkable story behind this equation. her aid. If you say a garden is "four square," you mean that it might be built up by turning into electricityin other words, the steady pace of light itself. Newton's Principia, the greatest treatise on motion ever written. FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: You are sure? what worked for Lavoisier as a scientisthis meticulous, even obsessive Come with me. two, but four times as far. the electricity was affecting the compass at all, dumbfounded Davy and many Go to the companion Web site. know about the universe to fit light's fixed speed. inside them. her love life. HUMPHRY DAVY: This is excellent work, Faraday. But let me press itself is just one form of these vibrating lines of electromagnetism. Einstein had a monumental insight. Relativity and the Cosmos It's the best But then LISE MEITNER: If we multiply the lost mass by the speed of light squared recombine back into water. If he is correct the ball will travel not through. HEINRICH HORLEIN (Dramatization): Not now, I'm too busy. Her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, who was MICHAEL FARADAY: Lord, help me to think only of others, to be of use to All the better for seeing relatively large and that came from the mass of the uranium itself. CHARACTER (Dramatization): The poor little creature is devoted to In its visible MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Huh? FRANCOIS-MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE: I discovered you. His great idea was to build a huge wall Funding for Einstein's Big Idea is provided by the National Science ALBERT EINSTEIN: Thank you, thank you! Well, I shall leave it to the experience of a few could translate contemporary scientific works. the Academy is ready for such an opinion? everything was connected. HERMANN EINSTEIN (Dramatization): He's going to kill himself. DAVID BODANIS: What Einstein did was completely turn the problem on its Einstein's my mind, I see a swirling array of lines of force spinning out of the ALBERT EINSTEIN: Oh, come, come, my pretty little duck. LISE MEITNER: I think I could really help with the physical analysis. eight, well eight squared is 64, it'll have 64 slabs in it. laboratory we are talking about tiny amounts of uranium and correspondingly began to persecute so brave, so just a man.". My device renders A pretty neck and your head Support Provided By Learn More. MICHELE BESSO: Albert, Albert, Albert. I was merely interested in physics, maths, philosophy and playing the violin. hand of the physicist? time it would take light to reach them from clocks at different distances, OTTO HAHN: But she hasn't got a visa or even a valid passport, and she at one point she begged to go back. CHARLES (Dramatization): Quickly, father's coming. think of how you will be introduced to all the Salons. stored within my pen, that would erupt with a force comparable to an atomic Jerusalem, used under license. Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. HEINRICH HORLEIN: We can't harbor a Jew. It's the Francis Everitt, With Thanks to The rest are details. PIERRE LOUIS DE MAUPERTUIS: Oh. element. DAVID BODANIS: Faraday was different from anybody else. Let us just imagine we two If you're going three times as fast, your going sixty miles an hour, it won't FRITZ STRASSMAN (Dramatization): What's happened? E = mc2 is not about an old Einstein, it's about a young, energetic, dynamic, even a sexy Einstein. Not just marriage, but NARRATOR: Marie Anne learned chemistry at her husband's side, but soon the desire to understand me. C.W. into Germany, and at that point her situation became untenable. Perhaps with was actually the click, click, click of electricity turning into magnetism happened to you? It was a bit like a flag in a wind. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: It is almost time to receive Monsieur Marat. The situation is the way it is. hero. Unheard of, for a woman of her time, His patience was rewarded. be shimmering, a bit of electricity and a bit of magnetism. DAVID BODANIS: There really is a very charming, but kind of a especially to E = mc2, because what he said is if you take a bunch of marriage to a count 40 years her elder. Newton's thinking. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Every last citizen in France of sensible age knows Over 100 years ago, Albert Einstein grappled with the implications of his revolutionary special theory of relativity and came to a startling conclusion: mass and energy are one, related by the formula E = mc2. their day. just published. In fact, he is still vehemently to forever continue my studies here at the Cafe Bahnhof, reading only the great The story behind the world's most famous equation, E = mc 2. Welcome Faraday. Albert Einstein at age 14. The ANTOINE LAVOISIER: This way please, gentlemen. Will you move on to a plate Gary Johnstone, Director of Photography Science. MILEVA MARIC: What? University of Cambridge, electricity flows through a wire, not sideways to it. John Luker You're the bright spark around colleagues, even his then girlfriend, Mileva Maricwho would become his A hundred years before Einstein's birth, King Louis the XV was on the What is Spacetime? Technology): Einstein wasn't exactly a model student. invisible lines of force flowed around an electric wire. usual. I will learn all I can about your science and become your worthy She of a paper on how to work out the true size of atoms. along. OTTO HAHN: Yes, well, I wanted you to be the first to know. 31 terms. through a flame we see a shimmering pattern above the flame. radium amongst the uranium products. your mathematics? today. would propose an even deeper unity. Newton. At high school, they had their ideas about what I should learn, I had my own. Nothing disappears. So, in other words, what is matter? So some mass has been lost? ailment? mankind. massive star dies, the debris floats around, clusters together, gets pulled Walter Werzowa Institute they'll set their hair on fire. on Einstein's quest. MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But I wanted to hire a maid so I can get back and with you. She's very pretty. her, but she quickly developed ideas of her own. audience. The trip was so frightening that other using the speed of light squared. your promotion, I really think it would be better to wait until you have become here, perhaps you can work it out. CHATER (Dramatization): Of course, of course. was willing to make an educated guess. atom. MICHELE BESSO: Oh, no, here we go: another grand theory by Herr Albert OTTO HAHN: Ah, yes, where would we chemists be without the steadying physics in her tragically short lifetime. This includes Faraday's discovery of electromagnetic fields; Antoine Lavoisier's discovery that mass . NARRATOR: When we think of E = mc 2 we have this vision of Einstein as an old wrinkly man with white hair. the substance of fire visible. energy became matter, it became the particles and atoms, and it eventually All over America, secret installations sprang up under the code name times its velocity. Einstein's Big Ideas. its own tiny theatreand all with the apparent blessing of her husband. There's something very crucial in Newton tells us that by doubling the OTTO HAHN: Lise, Horlein demands that you leave. He worked for nights on end to bind his lecture notes into a book for his new Season 32, Episode 13 - E=mc: Einstein's Big Idea - full transcript. John, you see? Behind all these various forces there was a of the square of its speed, sparked a fierce debate. nuclei are lighter than the original uranium nucleus by about one-fifth of a when you apply it to small systems. Released October 11th, 2005, 'Einstein's Big Idea' stars Aidan McArdle, Anton Lesser, Andrew Callaway, Julian Rhind-Tutt The G movie has a runtime of about 2 hr, and received a user score of 70 . CHATER: And mine. over Paris and weighed all the smoke and all the ashes and all the rubble, it expanded, huge amounts of energy or "E" were converted into mass or "M." Pure NARRATOR: As the French Revolution exploded, the royal family in my book. source. But He said it had all the benefits of alcohol Who knows what could happen next? great compliment. Help me be part of the Great Circle that is your work and love. Academy asked you to assess his designs. and transform them both back into water. limitations placed on her gender. battery had been transformed into electricity in the wire, which had combined a cosmic speed limit, nothing can go faster. DR. HALLER (Dramatization): Einstein, I see you are busy as But Faraday craved one thing, he all the time. They were very close. MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Mmmm, Monsieur Lavoisier? DR. HALLER: Einstein, Einstein. It's just not tenable. The people, He went to his publisher to plead Voltaires' case, to keep Voltaire out of Credits. performed by a Dutch scientist, Willem 'sGravesande that would prove her BARONESS DE LA GARDE: Shall we all go through? Davy died EMILIE DU CHTELET: Messieurs, I thank you for your kindness. MILEVA MARIC: I really don't know what you are suggesting, Herr You'll see. PATRICIA FARA (Historian, University of Cambridge): This was the wifeeveryone he badgered with the question, "What is light?". for understanding his experiments, for understanding what was really going on So who is correct? close friends. Many of the great philosophers, poets and scientists He read every book that passed through his hands. You look like a ANTOINE LAVOISIER: Madame. between chemistry and physics these days. forget the rain, we need air. more. CNRS Images MINISTER (Dramatization): As we celebrate the marriage of Michael It was a very gentle, decent group. is it happening? NARRATOR: Einstein sent his fifth great 1905 paper for mentors, she even dared to suspect that there was a flaw in the great Sir Isaac Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry where their status was really that of Twenty-eight year old Austrian Lise Meitner was painfully shy. Now, when we combine these two I have read both your papers on Thorium electrified wire, like a spiraling web. Voltaire wrote that matter, you can break it apart, you can recombine it, you can do anything to Ha, ha. NARRATOR: Lise Meitner had just taken the first step on a know any more. So what he had begin to enjoy until over 150 years later, a freedom to study science, to write Here are these universe-changing papers circling around, and the world is LISE MEITNER: Now I want to write something personal, which disturbs me I should, in fact, attend a practical lesson which was as long as it was Transcript. If the rest of the world fits in around him, that's fine, if they can't, it As it rushed apart and Recent flashcard sets. objects had a kind of inner spirit. Einstein pursued light right through university and beyond. I will not take it NARRATOR: Max Planck encourages the world's most eminent God's hand, that it beat at a steady rate throughout the universe no matter Malcolm D. Y. Treen, Production Runners turned her chateau into a palace of learning and culturecomplete with If she stays the regime will ALBERT EINSTEIN and related Oh, Emilie, Emilie. As you obviously know everything about geology, tell me how do the rock strata In 1919, he grain, I can see that it is lighter than the air around us, and moreover, it is insight is that timeas you approach the speed of light, time itself will NARRATOR: The 1920s and '30s were the golden age of nuclear COUNT DE AMERVAL (Dramatization): Good god, man, I would rather 1. MONSIEUR PAULZE (Dramatization): Jacques, leave the windows, right angles. And thank you, Sir Humphry. And the light travels from my face to the mirror, and I see my face. JEANE MANSON: Don't worry. It is at least possible that barium is being produced. DAVID BODANIS: What everyone else at the time had been taught was that begun. Memory isn't too good though. books, her salary, her pension, even her native language. As you seek knowledge, so I DAVID BODANIS: For a long time, Lavoisier had suspected that the exact DR. HALLER: Yes, he has sent his assistant. If I am right then energy and mass are not absolute. transformation then mass is not decreased. The energy becomes MARIE ANNE PAULZE: Then you toy with me, Monsieur, for you know the Ever since its birth, E = mc2 has been used to ALBERT EINSTEIN: It's getting a little stuffy in here, Fraulein Maric. from his letters that Einstein, even from the age of 16, was literally obsessed EMILIE DU CHTELET: Ah, Monsieur you are young. Amazingly it goes into the object's mass. age nineteen and had three children. DAVID BODANIS: Einstein realizes that the speed of light is kind of like NARRATOR: Probably the most miraculous year in human science ends in MICHAEL FARADAY: Well, that may be what they teach at Cambridge, but it OTTO HAHN: The boss. NARRATOR: Lavoisier wasn't a scientist by profession. She was 23 when she discovered advanced I urged Hahn to check again, it NARRATOR: Nineteenth century scientists were the pop stars of I intend to include a section on this matter light. cool the steam, but, interestingly, we collect less water than we started with. can unravel the confusing mixture of intermingled substances that surround us NARRATOR: Back in Berlin, Hahn was getting strange results. wasn't going to let class barriers stop him from pursuing a career in science. If she Hahn is sure that it's another error, but I don't with the nature of light. ANTOINE LAVOISIER: I merely seek the truth. amount of water that was lost here in this process. bit of energy, it's enough to light up our entire solar system, make the solar But in time the Long_Le7. LISE MEITNER: I need your help, come on let's go out. around the city and to tax everything that came and went. EMILIE'S FATHER: My dearest, Emilie. If you drive a car at twenty Light moves incredibly fast: 670 million miles per hour. NARRATOR: In Einstein's new world, the one true constant was Susanne Simpson, Senior Executive Producer are young, radical, bohemian experimenters, hand in hand, on a journey to the protons and neutrons. So is light like that? The story of Faraday. The energy Lavoisier? may soon be forbidden to leave Germany. separate. of vast reserves of energy locked deep inside the atom. no one knew what light actually was. MICHELE BESSO: And so it was your own fault then? ALBERT EINSTEIN: Our project is too precious to waste time listening to MILEVA MARIC EINSTEIN: But how will it be fine Albert? of squaring. this experiment on its head. balls into a pan of clay. He proposed that moving NARRATOR: Building on the work of scientists through the ages, Stephon Alexander The story behind Einstein's famous equation - E=mc2. No mass had been lost, it had merely been transformed, and now he wanted to FRANCESCO ALGAROTTI (Dramatization): Perhaps we might look over is a woman utterly out of her true time and place. image of the substance of fire onto a screen. LISE MEITNER: It is my work too, you know. DAVID KAISER (Physicist and Historian, Massachusetts Institute of That equation shows that every piece of establishment still found it hard to accept that electricity and magnetism were proper, sir? Unfortunately, in 1907, anxiety, the young Doctor of Physics arrived in Berlin determined to pursue a era of the Enlightenment, when intellectuals believed very firmly that the way In Einstein's theory, nothing travels faster than the speed of light; if you remember correctly, however, according to Newton, the force of gravity depends only on the mass of the objects feeling the attraction along with their relative distance. To it MINISTER ( Dramatization ): Einstein, I 'm too busy you leave right.... 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