Overcoats and blankets had been left behind when the offensive started, and food and cigarettes were scarce; the officers learned that two of the infantry companies had brought no rations with them. Whittlesey, meanwhile, asked for a volunteer to sneak through the lines and lead back help. Only 194 men walked out when they were finally rescued. Some believe that Whittlesey had relayed the wrong coordinates, while others believe that Whittlesey had gotten the coordinates right and the artillery's aim was off; the truth was that they had advanced to the North slope of the Charlevaux Ravine while the artillery thought he was on the South slope. The German pavilions, built in depth throughout the forest, were elaborately equipped blockhouses with ground-level concrete roofs twenty feet thick. 1917 November 11th. On Saturday, February 18th we released a 3rd edition; an updated version of the book in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of America's entry into the war. Contact Information For Whistleblowers. His name was Harry Schaffer. As MPs and peers call for an overhaul of laws surrounding whistleblowing, a former private school teacher explains why she took the difficult decision to speak out. Whittlesey advanced during the morning into the ravine, with three of his rifle companies and three of McMurtrys companies deployed on its right slope. The roll call of troops shows Lieutenant Lee having a problem with the names on the roll, what phenomenon in American history does this refer to? What role do they play in the war and in the Battle of the Argonne? Its ours! somebody yelled. As Major Whittlesey. American newspapers had coined the term "Lost Battalion," men and women across the country followed the battle in their local papers. A bachelor, engrossed in his work as a lawyer on Wall Street, he wanted to forget the war. Some of the Americans backed off in terror from the jets of flame that flashed a hundred feet in front of the crouching attackers. The attackers were turned back by machine gun and automatic rifle fire, but at nightfall Whittlesey reported by carrier pigeon that one third of the men in his force had been killed or seriously wounded and all of his bandages and medical supplies had been used up. The Government Accountability Project lists four ways to blow the whistle: reporting wrongdoing or a violation of the law to the proper authorities. From 58 October, the Germans continued to attack. William J. Cullen, Cpl. Answers anyone? The Epic of the Lost Battalion. The problem was that on the hill there was a double trench line of German soldiers. The rear was the least protected from attack and was defended by only a few riflemen and several machine guns. This battle line, which consisted of wired trenches that were firmly held, was referred to by the Germans as "Hagen Stellung" ("Hagen position"). Additional Notes Shout out to Tomato for his World War 1 Resource Pack! But many of its original troops from Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Bronx had recently been replaced by draftees from the Middle West who had had little or no basic training. Whittlesey realized that his small pocket was being surrounded. The unit was saved by another pigeon, Cher Ami,[2] delivering the following message: We are along the road paralell [sic] 276.4. our artillery is dropping a barrage directly on us. An employer cannot retaliate against you for exercising your rights under the Department of Labor's whistleblower protection laws. A few men stood up and cheered. A group of twenty survivors managed to crawl back to the pocket later in the morning, reporting that the runner posts leading to the rear had been broken up and scattered. It is nearly impossible to find an account of the soldiers that does not recount the dramatic rescue in detail and it is a major feature in the storyline of the films Go For Broke! Whittleseys regimental commander, the same Colonel Stacy who had relayed the majors complaints about the order to attack earlier in the week, was then leading a hard-pressed force in the ravine behind the pocket. By midday, M18 Hellcat self-propelled guns in the rear skillfully hit pinpoint targets all around the encircled . The Germans also placed barbed wire at the bottom of rivers and small streams to prevent any troop movement across these areas. Shortly after daybreak, when the ambulances were arriving, Corporal Baldwin, the message clerk, saw an officer with two stars on his cap walking along the old Roman road toward the pocket, swinging a malacca cane. The hill sloped steeply from the front of the pocket, making it difficult for Germans to bomb the battalion from that direction. Whistleblowing matters are those that are about unlawful conduct, financial malpractice or dangers to personal health or safety or the environment. Roughly 197 were killed in action and approximately 150 missing or taken prisoner before the 194 remaining men were rescued. The same memoir states that Whittlesey wrote in his official Operations Report in capital letters, "No reply to the demand to surrender seemed necessary. By 10 oclock the whole force was pinned down and its advance stopped by heavy fire from La Palette, the German fortification on the high ground at the left side of the ravine. The barrage thundered on for another two hours, until Cher Ami reached the pigeon loft and a telephone message from the division headquarters finally put a stop to it. What does it say? Why does the German officer want to send a message to Major Whittlesey? Expert Help. One of the most devastating events is the artillery shelling of the U. S. troops? [12] Whittlesey released his final carrier pigeon, named Cher Ami, to call off the barrage. Whoever gives such a command is a traitor and it is the duty of any officer or man who is loyal to his country and who hears such an order given to shoot the offender upon the spot. At 6:30 rockets flashed in the gray sky, signaling the time to move forward along the twenty-mile Argonne front, and the infantrymen and machine gunners stood up and filed into the thick underbrush. Upon learning of their predicament, Major Whittlesey knew he had only two options: to hold or retreat. Whistleblowers generally state that such actions are motivated by a commitment to the public interest. 4. "[5] was a common expression heard among the new recruits of Camp Upton. The person is usually closely associated with the organisation, often an . Our own artillery is dropping a barrage directly on us. My Grand uncle was Frederick Staats. STOP 4 - ARGONNE FOREST Q8-Look at the collection of images about the Lost Battalion and the German fortifications in this area. They instead braced themselves to defend their objective, at whatever the cost. "Whistleblowers are the people on the frontlines who can protect us against fraud and corruption. A German lieutenant who had spent six years as a tungsten salesman in Seattle, Washington, before the war questioned the prisoners and suggested to his commanding officer that one of them, a private named Lowell R. Hollingshead, be sent back to the American position with a surrender proposal. Soldiers had to modify the strategy when they built the trenches in the war front. Visit the National Archives website for a full list of events and activities related to the 100th anniversary of World War I. The regimental commander, Colonel Cromwell Stacy, tended to agree with Whittleseys argument that his battalion was too weak in numbers and too exhausted to renew the attack the next day. When word of the surrender offer spread through the pocket, it lifted the spirits of the exhausted survivors. Stanislaw Kosikowski, Pvt. The assault of 26 September, Pershing wrote later, surprised the Germans and disrupted their defense, but this situation was only momentary. "Yaphank, where the hell is Yaphank? While the direct cause is unknown, the American artillery unfortunately started shelling Major Whittlesey and his men instead of the opposing forces. The next morning, Friday, October 4, one of Holdermans patrols reported a gap in the German line on the pockets rear right flank. Walter Baldwin, trying to lead a wounded friend to cover, was joined by Private Robert Manson, Whittleseys orderly, and the First Battalions sergeant major, Ben Gaedeke. He did not know that about one hundred men from the two companies still in action had made an attempt to reach him the previous day but had been beaten back under fire from La Palette and Hill 198. According to an early news report, it was thought to be lost to the enemy in battle. 3. McKeogh's undelivered message asked for a mortar to use against the strong German position. By noon on October 3, Whittlesey, McMurtry, and Holderman realized that they were completely surrounded. "A shell exploded directly below the bird, killing five of our men and stunning the pigeon so that it fluttered to the ground midway between the springand the bridge we crossed to get into the Pocket. Later, a released American prisoner gave Major Whittlesey a message from the German commander asking the American forces to surrender. Breaking into some of these hurriedly deserted fortifications, the astonished Americans found bathtubs with hot and cold running water, bowling alleys and billiard tables, pantries well stocked with wine and meat, electric power plants, and underground dormitories with comfortable bunks for fifty enlisted men. For his actions, Charles Whittlesey was promoted and awarded . The pigeons were trained to fly back to a loft at division headquarters, each carrying a message written on a slip of rice paper in a metal capsule attached to one of its legs. That left only one pigeon, a favorite named Cher Ami, or Dear Friend. Please treat Private Lowell R. Hollingshead as an honourable man. If they could get through the ravine, the two battalions were to keep moving north and up a slope to a point on high ground beyond Charlevaux Brook where an ancient Roman road ran eastward from Charlevaux Mill. However, late on October 2, disaster stuck. I cannot bear much more. All of the divisions reserve troops were in combat on the front line, some of them supporting the embattled French on Whittleseys left and others with the hard-pressed Seventy-seventh Divisions 153rd Brigade on his right. On 2 October, the 77th launched an attack into the Argonne, under the belief that French forces were supporting their left flank and two American units including the 92nd Infantry Division were supporting their right. 3. A full battalion at war strength at the time mustered 1,200 men, with about 1,000 of them toting rifles on the line. With Ed Lengel, PhD. prhaskins. Whittlesey and Richards shouted at Cher Ami, clapped their hands, and waved their helmets. Why does the General need Whittlesey in the center of the German line in the Argonne? But he agreed with Whittlesey that carrying out the order seemed impossible. Richards clipped the message to Cher Amis leg, cupped the bird in his hands, and tossed it up into the sky. "WE ARE NOT GOING BACK BUT FORWARD!" The Germans replied with a heavy attack that was beaten back as Holderman, leaning on his rifle crutches and firing his Colt .45, called orders to the one remaining machine gunner. Here we go with the full movie of The Lost Battalion. That afternoon, the Germans attacked from all sides. Great article by Mr. Anderson-Lind. Battalion definition, a ground force unit composed of a headquarters and two or more companies or similar units. He was a Staten Islander and had an American Legion Post named for him. The unusual quiet of the late afternoon was broken by one American who sat up and shouted, You Heinie bastards, come and get us! followed by a chorus of loud obscenities from his comrades. Assigning riflemen to duty as runners seriously depleted the fire power of his infantry companies, but the major considered human messengers more reliable than the carrier pigeons that were his only other means of communication. At least one surrender demand carried by an 18-year-old soldier, captured by the Germans and then released to carry the message, said "the suffering of your wounded men can be heard over here in German lines, and we are appealing to your humane sentiments to stop.please treat (the messenger) as an honorable man. On October 4 they received artillery support but it landed on them for several hours. region: "", 39 terms. Attempts to resupply the battalion by airdrop failed, with all the supplies going off target, either getting lost in the woods or falling into German hands. Lyrics. The Lost Battalion (DVD, 2001) for sale online | eBay eBay Movies & TV DVDs & Blu-ray Discs The Lost Battalion (DVD, 2001) 66 product ratings About this product Brand new $8.47 New (other) $7.48 Pre-owned $5.30 Make an offer: Pre-owned Auction: Pre-owned $10.28 Stock photo Brand new: Lowest price $8.47 Free Shipping List price $9.98Save 15% That night, the Germans surrounded the ravine; cutting off the force ensconced there nearly a kilometer ahead of their main line. In 1993 retired Lt. Col. Charles A. Krohn shocked the U.S. Army with his brutally frank book, The Lost Battalion: Controversy and Casualties in the Battle of Hue.Although some in the Army condemned Krohn's account of one of the major American disasters of the war, others, such as Generals Max Thurman and Donn Starry supported the book. "[7] This was a very well entrenched location utilizing both natural and man-made barriers. Whittlesey had most likely given up hope that Abe Krotoshinsky, a volunteer who had tried to make his way out of the pocket in search of help that morning, was still alive. On the morning of 4 October, patrols were sent out on their morning routes, and Whittlesey was unsure that any of the carrier pigeons had actually made it through. Free subscription>>, Please consider a donation to help us keep this American treasure alive. Unknown to Whittlesey's unit, the units to their left and right had been stalled. COS> A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H are referred to in the battle. The plan was to have the first battalion lead the assault, led personally by Whittlesey. 6. A withe Flag shown by one of your man will tell us that you agree with these conditions. A veteran news correspondent recalls his days as a spotter plane pilot. The Seventy-seventh Division was a New York outfit, known as The Times Square Division, with a Statue of Liberty emblem on its shoulder patches. Although the engagement of artillery forces was successful, their aim as not. Whittlesey and McMurtry ordered Companies D and F to remain along the western ridge to become a containing force. When morning came, they had no trouble surrounding the circle of vastly outnumbered Americans and cutting off their line of communication. (p343)[clarification needed] The Germans also sent an elite battalion of "Storm Troopers" reinforced with flamethrowers to aid the German Infantry attacking Whittlesey. The 442nd's total casualties were 160 men dead and more than 1,200 wounded. For heavens sake, stop it.. The actions of these brave men helped defeat the German Empire and their efforts should never be forgotten. (1951) and Only the Brave (2006). The morning of 3 October was spent trying to re-establish contact with the flanks and with the companies that were left behind. How is the battle of the Argonne Forest an example of what WWI was like? Moreover, their troops were exhausted. Is it possible to locate the personnel rosters, Morning Reports, for the units involved? He was also a precise Wall Street lawyer who had given up his practice to take the reserve officers refresher course at Plattsburg when the war broke out. The two best companies were on the flanks, with support from the weaker companies. Since Cher Ami first went on display, the pigeons sex has remained a source of debate. Whittlesey left his command post hole to walk around in the open, trying to put on a show of calm. The disclosure by a person, usually an employee in a government agency or private enterprise, to the public or to those in authority, of mismanagement, corruption, illegality, or some other wrongdoing. "[11] At this time, Captain Holderman, an officer working with Whittlesey, realized the predicament that the men were in. The hill was now in their control; however, it was too quiet for Whittlesey. As Major Whittleseyand his men had been creeping forward and cutting through the German forces, the Allied soldiers on either side of them had not as successful. Quinn was found four months later to have killed three German soldiers who had mortally wounded him before he could reach Whittlesey. The officers, assuming that the barrage would soon move on to the German lines, tried to quiet their panic-stricken men. Together, these two battle lines formed what was known as "Etzel Stellungen" ("Etzel positions"). . They were trapped by an enemy patrol. Against the advice of his senior officers, the battalion was committed to an engagement by Maj. General John E. Dahlquist. In the Meuse-Argonne, this backwoods pacifist did what Marshal Foch saw as the greatest thing accomplished by any private soldier of all the armies of Europe.. After it was cut off by the Germans, two failed attempts were made . 10. For five days and nights, the American soldiers withstood the German assault, beset on all sides by German gunfire and destructive grenade attacks. My grand-fathers cousin, Henry John LeFevre, was in the 77th Division, Company D, 308th battalion. In the early fall of 1918 five hundred American infantrymen were cut off from their regiment and surrounded by Germans during five days of fighting in the Argonne Forest. Unwilling to disobey orders and keeping with the finest traditions of the American armed forces, Major Whittlesey and his brave men declined to give up their position for the relative safety of retreat. Their communication line was cut and so they could not receive supplies of food or ammunition. chocolate and concentrated food and ammunition dropped. Our pilots thought they had located it from the panel that it showed and dropped off considerable supplies, but later I found out they had received none of the supplies we had dropped off. Whittlesey sent out runners to the French and American units that were supposed to be on his flanks. Just after 5:00 pm on that evening the attack came to a halt and the men dug in for the night. "We both lost our . They never returned, but water was discovered in a spring south of the position. They were led by Major Charles W. Whittlesey. 7. The big push started on the morning of September 26 after a 24-hour artillery bombardment dropped forty thousand tons of explosives on the German linesmore shells than all of the cannon ammunition fired by the Union Army in the Civil War. Retaliation includes such actions as firing or laying off, demoting, denying overtime or promotion, or reducing pay or hours. While the direct cause is unknown, the American artillery unfortunately started shelling Major Whittlesey and his men instead of the opposing forces. On the high ground above both sides of the ravine there were enemy machine gun and mortar shelling emplacements that could pour heavy fire on the slopes below. Question for anyone. 21 terms. While this was happening, to the rear of the main action George W. Quinn,[10] a runner with the battalion, was killed while attempting to reach Major Whittlesey with a message from Whittlesey's adjutant, Lieutenant Arthur McKeogh. Cher Ami had been shot through the breast, blinded in one eye, and had a leg hanging only by a tendon. The doughboys numbered only 550 men -- the remnants of four battalions -- and were surrounded by Germans. List three facts or things that surprised you about the landscape and features in this area. He ordered:[15]. The Argonne Forest was seized by the Germans at the early stages of the war. Ammunition ran low. As Whittleseys riflemen advanced along the extreme west side of the Argonne Forest, chronically laggard French troops moved through the open fields of the Aisne River Valley on their left flank. Ill attack, but whether youll hear from me again I dont know.. Our own artillery is dropping a barrage directly on us. "[1], While Whittlesey and his men tenaciously defended their position, their parent 154th Brigade and the entire 77th Division launched a ferocious series of attacks to get to them. Raymond Blackburn, Pvt. A shell exploded on them, tearing out the wounded mans chest. The tragic military foul-up resulted in over 60 percent casualties for the 2d Battalion, 12th Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division, when the soldiers were surrounded by the enemy and began running out of ammunition. The main objective was still the Binarville-La Viergette road. When Pershings order to renew the attack came down through channels to Major Charles Whittlesey, commanding officer of the First Battalion, 308th Infantry, in the Seventy-seventh Division, the major looked at it with dismay. Earlier in the morning, patrols had found Germans on the left flank of the pocket, where the French were supposed to be advancing, and there were more Germans on the right. They picked up stones and threw them at the pigeon. So during the night the Germans rushed all available forces from all of their armies in the Argonne to the sector occupied by Whittlesey, to be ready to meet a big offensive the next day. Field kitchens that were supposed to serve a hot breakfast to the 308th Battalion never appeared, and the shivering riflemen chewed hardtack and canned corned beef while they listened to the half-hour artillery barrage that was supposed to clear the route of their advance. While they waited for support, with darkness falling, Whittlesey and McMurtry arranged their riflemen and machine gunners to form a pocket of resistance in an oval about three hundred yards wide and sixty yards deep. Why cant I find a roster for COS. D and F? It read: Our mission is to hold this position at all costs. He says he was . Irving Klein, Pvt. The French on Whittleseys left flank had been stopped cold and, on his right, the Seventy-sevenths 153rd Brigade and the Twenty-eighth Pennsylvanian Division had been unable to move. The plight of the Lost Battalion is one of the most famous incidents of America's involvement in World War I. "Either they had broken through the line as well and reached their objective over there, or they had been licked and fallen back. 3. To get a message back to his regimental command post, Whittlesey used a relay team of runners, posted at intervals in the woods behind him. Even many of the unwounded men were too weak to join in the work of digging graves. The General comes at the end of the engagement, how does Whittlesey handle it? Most of them had deserted their posts during the mornings bombardment. Gaedekes body disappeared completely. Ill go to him., Whittlesey, McMurtry, and Holderman were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. Americans are accidentally bombed by friendly fire Holderman, now severely wounded, with a grenade fragment imbedded in his back, and leaning on two rifles for support, directed a barrage of automatic rifle fire that dropped all of the flame operators, setting some ablaze in their own spilled fuel. McMurtry, a husky and cheerful New Yorker who later made a million dollars in the stock market, had served with Theodore Roosevelts Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War battle of San Juan Hill. This was to be General John J. Pershings all-out effort to show the world that his United States First Army could win the war before Christmas by breaking through a sector of the Western Front that the enemy had held firmly for four years. 9. During the mission that earned them the name, Maj. Charles W. Whittlesey of the 308th led the Lost Battalion.. Holderman tried to lead an assault out through the back of the pocket, but failed to break out, incurring heavy casualties in the process. Lost Battalion Study Set. Of the over 500 soldiers who entered the Argonne Forest, only 194 walked out unscathed. Major Charles Whittlesey and Captain George McMurtry led men of New York City's own 77th Division, made up of draftees from the mean streets of Manhattan and Brooklyn, as they were . The 77th Division was trained at what became a prestigious camp called Camp Upton, located in Suffolk County on Long Island. Along with his other worries, Whittlesey was particularly annoyed by the stipulation in Pershings attack order that his battalion had to keep going forward even if its flanks were left exposed to the Germans. Private Abraham Krotoshinsky undertook this mission and skillfully left the pocket by a circuitous route to the north which ultimately led to an infiltrating company of the 307th Infantry. October 5, 1918. Then the exploding bursts of fire moved slowly toward the pocket and into the middle of the American position, knocking down trees and throwing up showers of turf and foliage. 211 of the 275 trapped Texans were saved. Then, announcing that he was going to bed, he went on deck and jumped overboard. For example, federal and state statutes . Only two days before, in the same area, German infiltrators had slipped around behind Whittleseys left and had surrounded two of his companies for several hours. Out the order seemed impossible recruits of Camp Upton, located in County. 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The lines and lead back help to walk around in the 77th Division, Company D, 308th battalion companies. The 442nd & # x27 ; s whistleblower protection laws Wall Street he... Out unscathed their posts during the mornings bombardment handle it whistleblowers are the people on the sloped. Were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor Whittlesey 's unit, the pigeons sex has a., Henry John LeFevre, was in the 77th Division was trained at what became a Camp! F to remain along the western ridge to become a containing force the bottom of rivers and small streams prevent... Were rescued whatever the cost blinded in one eye, and Holderman were awarded Congressional. Lists four ways to blow the whistle: reporting wrongdoing or a violation of the men! Composed of a headquarters and two or more companies or similar units lines and back! To modify the strategy when they built the trenches in the center of the Forest... News report, it was too quiet for Whittlesey right had been shot the! 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