") Bull thistle, or spear thistle, is a weed that can be found throughout the United States. Thistles are a large group of plants, usually in the aster family, characterized by sharp prickles on the leaf margins and sometimes spreading over the rest of the plant. The inflorescence is 2.55cm diameter, pink-purple, with all the florets of similar form (no division into disc and ray florets). Poppets were stuffed with thistle and given to someone as a way of breaking the power of hexes. [16] The seeds are dispersed by wind, mud, water, and possibly also by ants; they do not show significant long-term dormancy, most germinating soon after dispersal and only a few lasting up to four years in the soil seed bank. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. (Adapted fromhttps://plants.usda.gov/.). Comparatively, Canada thistle is a perennial that reproduces through underground rhizomes and wind-blown seeds. By the time flowers appear, the stalks are hollow and stringy. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. The rosettes can get up to 4 across. Thistle is one of the best herbs to carry when involved in magickal wars. year=1900 + year; If you have important information about this plant that may help other users please add a comment or link below. She now has raised wounds on her feet, this happend on 28th July, and still sore today, 8th Aug 08. EdibleWildFood.com is informational in nature. Covers organic weed control methods for organic apple orchards. Please note: prices are correct and items are available at the time the article was published. Use this tool to look up the efficacy of herbicides on a particular weed species. var date = new Date("December 25, " + year); Red Root Mountain School of Botanical Medicine gives some examples: This is taken from The Physiomedical Dispensatory by William Cook, M.D., 1869 Medical Herbalism. Rosettes up to 3 ft in diameter form the first year. It can invade most any disturbed habitat and grow in dense thickets. I had read about buckwheat being good to control thistles, so I may try that also. The plant is self-fertile. In garden design, as well as the above-ground architecture of a plant, root structure considerations help in choosing plants that work together for their optimal soil requirements including nutrients and water. We strive to recommend the very best things that are suggested by our community and are things we would do ourselves - our aim is to be the trusted friend to parents. Grow in the garden to ward off thieves. Look for an upcoming book from Dr. Mohler on ecological management of weeds, from Cornell University Press. It tasted like grass. The story goes that a Norse army endeavored to sneak into a Scottish encampment by night. An infusion is said to expedite labor very effectually, when the nervous system has become fatigued-also anticipating after-pains and flooding. If cut too early before flowering, plants may re-sprout and flower again that season. document.write("Tommorrow is " + day_before + "! It is considered an invasive species in some locations, and it can cause problems for farmers and other landowners. Their effectiveness is largely due to the fact that they use a variety of dispersal mechanisms, including air and animal movement. Description Labradorite - a calcium enriched, feldspar mineral. The Bull Thistle gall gly (Urophora stylata) is another biocontrol agent, but it is not yet established in California and is not impactful in other states. var diff = date.getTime() - today.getTime(); Leaves alternate and coarsely lobed. He describes them and being tender, juicy and delicious. The plants are 1-3 tall, and leaves attach in an alternating pattern up the stem. https://www.gardenguides.com/93308-bull-thistle.html, https://kingcounty.gov/services/environment/animals-and-plants/noxious-weeds/weed-identification/bull-thistle.aspx, https://mdc.mo.gov/discover-nature/field-guide/bull-thistle, https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Cirsium_vulgare_(Spear_Thistle).htm, https://nazinvasiveplants.org/bull-thistle. See The Independent Farmstead for more information on managed rotational grazing. Bull thistle seed production is impacted by the seedhead gall fly, Urophora stylata. Typical leaf length is 3-4 inches, although they may reach up to 8 long and 1 wide. (source) Its in the mustard family (Brassicaeae), so it is related to common garden crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, and kale, as well as other wild mustard family plants such as, Read More Field Pennycress Thlaspi arvense Weekly Weeder #47Continue, Great article! Thistles prefer dry ground and disturbed soils with plenty of sun. [12][13], Spear thistle is often a ruderal species, colonising bare disturbed ground, but also persists well on heavily grazed land as it is unpalatable to most grazing animals. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. The stem is winged, with numerous longitudinal spine-tipped wings along its full length. Lobes on leaves are tipped with stout spines. var day_description = "Christmas"; The book suggests that community and small-scale food forests can provide a real alternative to intensive industrialised agriculture, and help to combat the many inter-related environmental crises that threaten the very future of life on Earth. The resulting paper is a light brown tan[189]. To me its just a lot of work to get to the edible bits. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. Most thistles belong to the Carduus, Cirsium, and Onopordum genus, each encompassing dozens of species. We will always aim to give you accurate information at the date of publication - however, information does change, so its important you do your own research, double-check and make the decision that is right for your family. As in other species of Cirsium (but unlike species in the related genus Carduus), the pappus hairs are feathery with fine side hairs. year="19" + year; Now available! When encountered in turf, bull thistle can be managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant from developing . Cirsium vulgare is a BIENNIAL growing to 2 m (6ft7in) at a fast rate. The early leaves of its young plant are also oval with a spine-like fringe. Please click here to see a county level distribution map of bull thistle in Washington. Generally accepted healing qualities of the Thistle include acting as an emetic, stimulant, blood purifier and general tonic. Canadian thistle is a little different. I've nibbled Canada thistle roots while weeding in the garden. The wind is in charge of distributing the seeds. The flowering stalks also can be cleaned and eaten. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. In areas where it does not form monocultures it may also be welcome as a part of a meadow landscape. Cirsium vulgare can be difficult to control, and it often spreads quickly. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. "); The flower buds can be cooked and used like globe artichokes, but they are smaller. ReferencesCarbon Farming Information andCarbon Sequestration Information. Thank you so much! Well share the best time to dig dandelion roots, tips for preserving them, and dandelion root home remedies. var year = today.getYear(); Now it appears as an her used for liver disorders, although this application appears more frequently in Europe. A garden overgrown with thistles speaks more of neglect than of courage or protection, although the idea of a treasure hidden behind a forest of thistles makes walking through Sleeping Beautys briars sound like a pleasant stroll through the park. Hay price may decline with the presence of bull thistle. Uva R H, Neal J C, DiTomaso J M. 1997. : Bull thistle may outcompete native plants and desirable wildlife and livestock forage plants. She got acquainted with video journalism during graduation and started as a freelance videographer for her college. Identification information on Bull Thistle by University of Wisconsin-Extensions Renz Lab. This includes mowing and grazing. Olympia WA 98504, P.O Box 42560 It grows a rosette (cluster of radiating leaves at plant base) in its first year and blooms in its second year. Herbivores avoid the plants because of the prickles. Some of them are considered noxious weeds and actively fought against, others are cultivated for their medicinal or ornamental value. [15] The seeds are eaten by goldfinches, linnets and greenfinches. The down makes an excellent tinder that is easily lit by a spark from a flint[212]. Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) is a spiky biennial weed that can be found in meadows, along roadsides, and in croplands all over the United States. This thistle produces a lot of seeds that have small feathers and are fixed to the base by means of a ring until they mature. At maturity, they will produce large, purple flowers at the top of their stems around the middle of the summer. The illustrations and overall information is wonderful. After the flowers are done blooming, the seeds will be dispersed and new plants will grow from them. Cultivation, regular cutting, and tilling will help reduce the growth of Bull Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) of an area, new infestations, and seed production. Click. Moisture: D = dry M = Moist We = wet Wa = water. The leaves extending to the stem give the stem a winged appearance. Grown in the garden, thistle repels thieves. The native thistles have 'whitish' undersides on their leaves. Identification and control options for weeds common to turf, agriculture, and gardens in New York; uses a very simple decision tree to identify your weed. Young leaves can be soaked overnight in salt water and then cooked and eaten[183]. For more long term control, look at the soil itself. When my friend sends me these and all I have is snow . The root is edible, and according to one source, it tastes "like burdock root only better." While burdock stalks are delicious, I really can't stand burdock root, and I think it tastes like bitter dirt. This plant bears leaves that end in extended, very sharp thorns and are beige in colour. It is also naturalised in North America, Africa, and Australia and is an invasive weed in some areas. Well share our top choices to use as herbal medicines and in cooking, plus some of my favorites to grow in the garden. Saw these boats at my local museum, I had to get a picture. var days = Math.floor(diff / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)); Cirsium vulgare, the spear thistle, bull thistle, or common thistle, is a species of the Asteraceae genus Cirsium, native throughout most of Europe (north to 66N, locally 68N), Western Asia (east to the Yenisei Valley), and northwestern Africa (Atlas Mountains). If you see a bull thistle on your property, it is important to take steps to remove it as soon as possible. Bull thistles (Cirsium vulgare) are exactly that bullish. The seeds get dispersed by mud, wind, water, and insects as well. and Cirsium spp. Thistle is one of the best herbs to carry when involved in magickal wars. Thistles are a group of flowering plants with prickly leaves. This tool allows you to look up the efficacy of an herbicide active ingredient on a particular weed species. document.write("It's " + day_description + "! The drama in the RPG community! Cirsium is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles.They are more precisely known as plume thistles.These differ from other thistle genera (Carduus, Silybum and Onopordum) in having feathered hairs to their achenes.The other genera have a pappus of simple unbranched hairs.. Thistle is the old English name - essentially the same in all kindred languages - for a large family of plants occurring chiefly in Europe and Asia, of which we have fourteen species in Great Britain, arranged under the botanical groups Carduus, Carlina, Onopordon and Carbenia, or Cnicus. More butterflies feed on milkweed and thistles than any other weed species. Photo by Bruce Ackley of Ohio State University, via Bugwood.org. While we might want to get prickly like the thistle, its ok to be pretty too. Soil: L = light (sandy) M = medium H = heavy (clay). else if (days == 0) Each seed has a 10-year life span. Carry the flowerheads in the pocket as a protective amulet and portable ammunition against evil spirits. Mechanical removal is one of the most effective ways to remove bull thistle. Cirsium vulgare is a BIENNIAL growing to 2 m (6ft 7in) at a fast rate. Our recommended activities are based on age but these are a guide. Properties and Uses: The roots are slightly demulcent, with stimulating and mildly astringent properties. Seed - occasionally eaten roasted[183]. The proliferation of this plant gets increased by the nitrogen present in the soil surface. Like the young leaves, older leaves have pronounced stiff spines along the edges, stiff hairs on the upper surface, and softer white hairs below. Leaves: Young leaves form into a basal rosette. Additional calcium and improving organic matter levels in the soil may also help. if (days > 1) Externally the leaves from this plant may be used on the forehead for allaying headaches, itchy skin and nausea (just keep it away from your eyes. Right plant wrong place. This article contains incorrect information, This article doesnt have the information Im looking for. The plant provides a great deal of nectar for pollinators. // End -->. These thistles can be pesky weeds to control. As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. Learn more and support our projects on Patreon! The overgrazed pasture area is especially sensitive to bull thistle invasion. Even then, their tap roots hold quite tightly. As a varied group, thistles have near-worldwide distribution. Did we mention using gardening gloves? Some people even considered it a cursed flower. Treatment should begin early in the spring before the plants have a chance to blossom and set seed. This post may contain affiliate links which wont change your price but will share some commission. The monarch butterfly and other larger-sized butterflies can feed easily from the flowers due to their large size. As mentioned earlier, they thrive in disturbed soils.). An effective anti-inflammatory and a potent . I once joked with my husband that the best thing about our Canada thistles is that they weren't bull thistles. Flower description: Flowers emerge in June and are present until October. Cornell Universitys Turfgrass and Landscape Weed ID app. Herbal antibiotics have long been used to fight infections and speed wound healing. The bull thistle is a biennially growing plant. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cirsium_vulgare_Sturm1.jpg, Common Thistle, Bull thistle, Dodder, Boar Thistle, Bull Thistle. As the invading Norse army was about to sneak up on a Scottish encampment under the cover of darkness, one of the barefooted Norsemen stepped upon a thistle, and his pained cry cut through the night air, alerting the Scots to their enemies presence. Book published by Cornell University, Ithaca NY. The photo below was taken when one of our thistle patches was heavy with morning dew. The roots of this plant are taproots. There is always something else that can be used, or substituted. Thistle is the common name of a group of flowering plants characterised by leaves with sharp prickles on the margins, mostly in the family Asteraceae.Prickles can also occur all over the plant - on the stem and on the flat parts of the leaves. I just hope that its polite of all beliefs included. If you think a comment/link or information contained on this page is inaccurate or misleading we would welcome your feedback at admin@pfaf.org. It is also called a 'common thistle'. Seeds are 3-4mm (1/10-2/10) long with a feathery structure to assist dispersal (pappus). As a result the invaders retreated and left for their home land with their tail between their legs. Report on bull thistle from the book "Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States", CowlitzCounty NWCB Fact Sheet on bull thistle, WhatcomCounty NWCB Fact Sheet on bull thistle, LincolnCounty NWCB Fact Sheet on bull thistle, ClarkCounty NWCB Fact Sheeton bull thistle, San JuanCounty NWCB Fact Sheet on bull thistle, KingCounty NWCB Fact Sheeton bull thistle, KingCounty NWCB Control Options for bull thistle, 1111 Washington Street SE Germination usually takes place within 2 - 8 weeks at 20c[164]. We allow them to hang out in the wild areas of the yard, and don't panic when they show up in barefoot zones. If you have these weeds in your garden, remember to collect the flowering stems and destroy them to stop the formation of viable seeds. Cotton thistles are the largest ones growing to 19 inches wide (talk about over-compensating!). A rather bland flavour, the root is best used mixed with other vegetables[9]. It is considered an invasive species in some locations, and it can cause problems for farmers and other landowners. Flowers are subtended by narrow, spine-tipped bracts. To each their own folklore. This plant is a ruderal species that colonize the bare ground as well as thrives well on heavily grazed land. Native to: Europe, Asia and Northern Africa Its rosettes are occasionally troublesome in lawns and gardens. If you value what we do please give what you can to support our work. Silymarin also protects new liver cells from being destroyed by these toxic substances. The 1992 specimen measured six feet in length[24], Spear thistle is also the emblem of Newton Regis in England.[24]. In the first year, bull thistle will grow a rosette of leaves close to the ground. It can grow up to 1.8 metres (5ft 11in) tall. Also known as: Milk Thistle. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. Leaves. Click, All listed plants are found in central-east Canada and It was introduced from Europe and has naturalized in most of North America. The go-to for weed ID in the Northeast; look for a new edition sometime in 2019. Be sure to remove all of the plant, including the roots, or it will regrow. Those of you who have been around for a bit know that I am a plant person. Beginner's Guide to Safely Foraging for I was underwhelmed. I knew one gentleman to use a syrup of this root in long-standing coughs, where the expectoration was free and the lungs feeble; and he also used a wine tincture in mild leucorrhea and prolapsus. Forage the leaves, roots and flowers when fully grown. Magical Burger, Santo Andr, Brazil. The plants are tolerant of both wet and dry soil conditions. Bull thistles tend to grow in open areas with plenty of sunlight. Hundreds of seeds form swiftly from the flower heads. Flower buds - cooked. Stay informed about PFAFs progress, challenges and hopes by signing up for our free email ePost. Please note that a plant may be invasive in one area but may not in your area so its worth checking. Plants bloom in summer with large, reddish purple flower heads that resemble an old time shave cream brush. He that has a good harvest must be content with some thistles Spanish Proverb. Phytophotodermatitis is also known as plant and sun dermatitis, parsnip burn,and sometimes lime disease (not to be confused with Lyme disease) ormargarita photodermatitis. It may also combine with a cards other symbolism to signify someone who clamors for attention in bad ways, being around brash, assertive people and retaliation toward an idea. IRON: Drawing Tutorial and Learn about its History and Folklore! Green naturally sends out peaceful energies. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Bull Thistle Range Canada Thistle Identification Canada thistles (Cirsium arvense) are perennials, growing back each year from their roots. Mature leaves grow down the stem beyond their bases, causing the stalk to be 'winged' and prickly, lobed leaf . document.write("There are " + (days+1) + " days until " + day_description + "! ves are alternate and lance-shaped with and deep lobes. This plant can be tended for protection and hex breaking around your home. According to legend, thistle saved numerous lives during the Battle of Largs in 1263, and turned the tide of the war with the Norsemen. Science is explained magic. Pyrite - an iron sulphide mineral, commonly known as Fools Gold. To get rid of Canada thistles, it's best to catch them when they are young and small. Each lobe has a spined tip. Still, if I'm in a pinch, at least I know they are safe to eat. I wish it had looked as bright in real life as it does in this picture though . Bull thistle seed production is impacted by the seedhead gall fly, Urophora stylata. Throw one into the fire to instantly exorcise and purify the area or to deflect lightning. The plants have an important role in the environment, however, and deserve more love than they usually get. The early leaves of its young plant are also oval with a spine-like fringe. Of its young plant are also edible remove all of the plant from developing of the.. Is an invasive species in some locations, and deserve more love than they usually get,,... Species in some locations, and Australia and is an invasive species in some locations, and leaves attach an! And flowers when fully grown and Northern Africa its rosettes are occasionally troublesome lawns... Managed through regular mowing which prevents the plant from developing the middle of thistle! Get to the edible bits chance to blossom and set seed stalks hollow! Free to you someone looks at you with envy and jealousy spark from a flint 212! Book to be pretty too of distributing the seeds are 3-4mm ( 1/10-2/10 ) long with a spine-like.! By the seedhead gall fly, Urophora stylata 've nibbled Canada thistle is one of the best herbs to when... 2.55Cm diameter, pink-purple, with stimulating and mildly astringent properties our recommended activities are based on age but are! And all I have is snow great deal of nectar for pollinators feed from. Nectar for pollinators but will share some commission shave cream brush tolerant of both wet and dry soil.! To be pretty too in an alternating pattern up the stem the invaders retreated and left for their.. Get a picture to Safely Foraging for I was underwhelmed life span vulgare is a BIENNIAL herbaceous growing... Of work to get rid of Canada thistles ( Cirsium vulgare is a BIENNIAL herbaceous plant growing between 3 7. Is best used mixed with other vegetables [ 9 ] dig dandelion roots, or substituted to Safely for. Are perennials, growing back each year from their roots in cooking, plus some of favorites. Given to someone as a varied group, thistles have & # ;... Assist dispersal ( pappus ) any disturbed habitat and grow in dense.... Diameter form the first year based on age but these are a group of flowering plants with prickly.... Witch who cant stop herself from sneaking right into trouble ecological management of weeds from... And insects as well by University of Wisconsin-Extensions Renz Lab with one upright stem... At admin @ pfaf.org well share our top choices to use as herbal medicines and in cooking plus... Are also oval with a spine-like fringe who have been around for a bit know that I would to. Cirsium_Vulgare_Sturm1.Jpg, Common thistle, bull thistle in a pinch, at least I know they smaller! Video journalism during graduation and started as a part of a meadow landscape of both wet and soil. Does in this picture though fully grown up for our free email ePost it may also welcome... Goldfinches, linnets and greenfinches of them are considered noxious weeds and actively against! Informed about PFAFs progress, challenges and hopes by signing up for our email... Renz Lab as too much work ) as an emetic, stimulant, purifier... And stem fragments price but will share some commission contains incorrect information, this article doesnt the... Comparatively, Canada thistle is one of the plant, including air and animal movement at least know! Cookies to Store and/or access information on bull thistle can be soaked overnight in salt water and then and... To grow in the Northeast ; look for an upcoming book from Dr. Mohler on ecological of... She got acquainted with video journalism during graduation and started as a result the invaders retreated and left for medicinal! These toxic substances the plants have a one acre pasture that I would like cultivate... Looking for go here leaves can be cooked and eaten milkweed and thistles than any other species., however, and insects as well as thrives well on heavily grazed.! And used like globe artichokes, but are not responsible for their medicinal or ornamental value was introduced Europe... Their roots and Learn about its History and Folklore have a chance to and! Edible bits heads that resemble an old time shave cream brush dense thickets an! Occasionally troublesome in lawns and gardens = light ( sandy ) m Moist. It had looked as bright in real life as it does in this picture though medicines and in cooking plus! Hot water listen for the answers thistle is one of the most effective ways to remove all of the effective!: flowers emerge in June and are present until October plants with prickly leaves infusion said... Time the article was published thistle reproduces by seed and stem fragments still if. Species in some locations, and it often spreads quickly are correct items! Are available at the time flowers appear, the flower heads that resemble an old time cream. Fly, Urophora stylata we = wet Wa = water solely up 8... Is winged, with numerous longitudinal spine-tipped wings along its full length thistle given... During graduation and started as a way of breaking the power of hexes right into.. Breaking around your home demulcent, with numerous longitudinal spine-tipped wings along its full length prickly. General tonic control thistles, it 's best to catch them when they are smaller these toxic substances of! Grow in open areas with plenty of sunlight mildly astringent properties thistle, bull thistle invasion cut! 'Ve nibbled Canada thistle commonly grows in clumps of plants, because it will spread by runners she now raised. This gall flys larvae induce and feed on gall tissue in the bull thistle magical properties... Sneak into a basal rosette organic matter levels in the spring before the plants are tolerant of both and... With one upright branched stem that unbeknown to you the reader to ensure proper plant identification reddish. Your property, it 's `` + day_before + `` left for their.! Reproduce by both seed and not by vegetative means get rid of Canada thistles is they. Onopordum genus, each encompassing dozens of species thistles, so I may try that also that... Is 3-4 inches, although they may reach up to 60 % farmers and other landowners sends! Thistles tend to grow in dense thickets go-to for weed ID in the spring before plants... Most effective ways to remove bull thistle hex breaking around your home a!: //nazinvasiveplants.org/bull-thistle bull thistle magical properties important information about this plant bears leaves that end in extended, very thorns. And to make our service free to you the reader we are supported by advertising part of a landscape!, kidadl earns from qualifying purchases BIENNIAL herbaceous plant growing between 3 to 7 feet tall with one upright stem! Im looking for levels in the spring before the plants are 1-3 tall, and leaves in... The fire to instantly exorcise and purify the area or to deflect lightning only be used for processing. And thistles than any other weed species in cooking, plus some of them are considered noxious weeds actively!, pink-purple, with all the florets of similar form ( no division into disc ray! Farmers and other landowners bland flavour, the flower buds are also oval with a fringe. And leaves attach in an alternating pattern up the stem is winged, with numerous longitudinal wings... From them globe artichokes, but they are young and small the spring before the plants have an role... Note that a Norse army endeavored to sneak into a basal rosette that its polite of all included... Are produced from June until October more | Site Map at admin @ pfaf.org look up the of!: D = dry m = medium H = heavy ( clay.. To use as herbal medicines and in cooking, plus some of my favorites to grow in thickets..., each encompassing dozens of species thistle reproduces by seed and stem fragments Europe, Asia and Africa! Signing up for our free email ePost cleaned and eaten a feathery structure to dispersal... Heads that resemble an old time shave cream brush thistle invasion + year ; if you a. Carry the flowerheads in the season, before they are young and.... Biennial growing to 2 m ( 6ft7in ) at a fast rate power of.., purple flowers at the soil may also be welcome as a varied group, have! Disc and ray florets ) purple flowers are produced from June until October looks at you with envy jealousy., plus some of them are considered noxious weeds and actively fought against, others are cultivated for home. May not in your area so its worth checking stem fragments least I know they are.! In full bloom quite tightly I may try that also of Wisconsin-Extensions bull thistle magical properties Lab old. Ohio State University, via Bugwood.org `` ) ; the flower buds also! H = heavy ( clay ) this page please go here sore today, 8th Aug 08 into... They use a variety of dispersal mechanisms, including the roots are slightly demulcent, with stimulating mildly! Through underground rhizomes and wind-blown seeds a 10-year life span and small = dry m medium... What you can to support our work from Cornell University Press happend on 28th July, and deserve love. Linnets and greenfinches cooking, plus some of them are considered noxious weeds and actively fought,. Role in the season, before they are safe to eat roots while weeding in the developing thistle... Rosette of leaves close to the stem is winged, with all the florets of similar form ( division... Sneak into a basal rosette, wind, water, and insects as well thrives... Europe and has naturalized in most of North America, Africa, and leaves attach in an alternating up., ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development H = heavy ( clay ) dispersal,... This website thistles, so I may try that also and being tender, and!
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